In this article we are going to look at the best NodeJs frameworks for 2024 development
We are going to take a look at 4 of the Most popular backend frameworks for development. These are
Express JS
Nest JS
Koa JS
Fastify
We are going to take a look at each of these frameworks including
Pros
Cons
Best For
Real Life Apps (Examples)
A Coding example
Express JS
(63,000 GitHub ⭐, 22,298,401 NPM installs)
Express Js is a lightweight and flexible node js framework that is by far the most famous and industry standared for building node js web applications
Express Js does not provide any magic and that is one of its core features.
Pros of Express JS
1. Simple and beginner friendly: Express Js is known for being simple and easy to use. It offers straightforward approach to server side development.
Being simple it is quite easy to get up and running with express and it makes web development faster and easier.
2. Flexibility: Express is un opinionated and thus offers a lot of flexibility, this lets develpoers build apps as they see fit.
Express JS has a lot of community support and middleware options.
3. Performance: Express JS has been designed with performance in mind from the ground up. It has minimun system overhead and gives maximum performance with minimum resources.
4. Middleware and community support: Express Js is the most popular Nodejs server side framework there is. There is lots of community support and lots and lots of middleware available for different stuff you want to do on the server side
5. Routing Middleware: Express JS has an awesome routing middleware API that supports dynamic URL as well as static URL. You can use these features to build restful API services and apps
Cons of Express Js
1. Less Structured:
It is less structured than other alternatives because of its un opinionated nature. If you are building a large project than expertise is required to build the back end software. Otherwise the project could go haywire. Opionioned frameworks provide a structure to build upon
2. Over reliance on Middleware:
Express JS relies a lot on different types of middleware to deliver different features on the server. This could become cumbersome if you are using a lot of middleware that is built and maintained by third party developers
3. Learning curve required for building large scale apps
express JS is a server side framewwork that can be used to build really large scale apps and is a lot more flexible and some other frameworks out there. You can also push the envelope in terms of development flexibility with express but for this you need developers well versed in express js that requires a learning curve.
Best For
1. Rapid Prototyping
Express Js you can rapidly build a MVC to show off to potential customers or VCs because it is lightweight and does not require a lot of setup to function
2. API development
Express JS has a robust routing mechanism and middleware support which makes it ideal for building RESTful APIs that can be used by client side applications
3. Single Page Applications
You can easily server static files and build APIs that can be used to create Single Page applications. Express JS also works best with front-end frameworks as well such as Angular and React
4. Microservices
Express JS is a lightweight framework and given its nature it is best suitred for building small services that requires few resources in a larger microservices architecture
Real Life Apps that have been built with Express JS
LinkedIn
Uber
Netflix
Real life coding example
Creating a new directory express-test
cdinto it and initalize a new projectCreating a simple express js server
mkdir express-test
cd express-test
npm init -y
npm install express
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const PORT = 3000;
// Adding Middleware in order to parse JSON
app.use(express.json());
// Defining a root route
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello, World!');
});
// Define a sample /about route
app.get('/about', (req, res) => {
res.send('I am an express jS app');
});
// Starting the server and listning to port 3000
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`Server running on http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});
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Supports both TCP and UDP
Nest JS
( 62,800 GitHub ⭐, 2,238,001 NPM installs)
Nest JS is a framework built with elements of Object Oriented programming, functional programming and Functional reactive programming
It is built with typescript and offers a solid foundation for building web apps that are highly reliable, testable and scalable.
You can also create apps with Nest Js that are loosely coupled, so that you can debug and parts of the application as the need arises
Pros of Nest Js
1. Strong Architecture:
Nest Js is strongly inspired by AngularJS, if you are familier with Angular on the front-end than you can easily become up and running with Nest Js. It has modules, services, controllers just like Angular and that makes it easier to manage in large and complex projects. Nest JS also includes dependency injection, which is a featuers that largely simplifies development of large scale applications
2. TypeScript Based
It is based on TypeScript which berings with it benefits of using TypeScript such as strong typing, Object Oriented programming and that leads to good quality code and better developer productivity
3. Extensive Eco System
Nest JS works seamlessly with other libraries and tools such as GraphQL, websockets and micro services. Thus it offers a large eco system for developers to work with
Cons of Nest JS
1. Steep learning Curve
For develpors that are not familiar with Angular and TypeScript this could involve a steep learning curve as Nest JS is basically Angular on the server side
2. large overhead for smaller projects
If you are building a small project or a MVC just as a proof of concept, using nest js could involve a lot of unnecessary setup and overhead. For these projects choosing express js or fastify ot koa js would be a better option
3. Less flexible due to Opioninated nature and rigid choices
While being opioned gives you a foundation to biuild large scale apps and ability to easily manage prioject across large teams. It also brings with it rigidity and lack of flexibility when building apps
Best For
1. Enterprise level apps
Nest Js is a popular choice in enterprises because of its structured and opionioned approch to software development which is liked by most corporations. This is because it is helpful when building the project across large teams and helps properly manage treams
2. Application requiring a structured approch
If you have an application that has a structured approch to development with well defined features that need to be build out in its lifetime and without a lot of uncertainities then you would benefit from the Nest JS framework
3. Full Stack development with Angular
Developers that love working with Angular on the front end would also appriciate it when developing apps on the back end. Full stack developers that love working with Angular would love to with Nest JS
Real Life Apps
Coding example
step 1
Creating a new project directory and cd into it then initalize a new project and name it nest-test
npm i -g @nestjs/cli
nest new nest-test
cd nest-test
step 2
Generate a controller called app just as you do in your angular application
nest generate controller app
now edit the app.controller.ts file to return a hello from nestjs message
import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
@Controller()
export class AppController {
@Get()
getHello(): string {
return 'Hello from nestjs !';
}
}
step 3
You can also create a service here similar to a angular application. we will call this service app.service
nest generate service app
edit the app.service.ts file
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
@Injectable()
export class AppService {
getHello(): string {
return 'Hello from Nest Js Service!';
}
}
step 4
Modify the app.controller.ts file to use the app.service
import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
import { AppService } from './app.service';
@Controller()
export class AppController {
constructor(private readonly appService: AppService) {}
@Get()
getHello(): string {
return this.appService.getHello();
}
}
step 5
Start the server
npm run start
your nest js server will run on localhost:// 3000 where you can see "Hello from nest js service" in the root path.
Koa Js (34,000 GitHub ⭐, 1,120,776 NPM installs)
Koa Js is a new framework built by creators of Express JS. It is a smaller, expressive and roburst framework.
You can build API and Apps with Koa Js. It aims to be a modern framework with newer technologies.
It uses new technologies like async functions, and drops callbacks which greatly increases error handling
Like Express Js Koa does not have any middleware built in, but there are third party developers who can build middleware for Koa Js
Pros of Koa Js
1. Simplicity and minimalism
Koa is known for being minimal and has a barebone framework that can less resource intensive and can be used to build large scale API and web applications
2. Improved Error Handling
Koa uttilizes newer javascript features such as async and await thus imporving upon the express js callback features. This imporves error handling and make the code simpler and easier to read
3. Cleaner and More readable Code
You are able to write cleaner code and avoid the callbacks that you have to do in the express js thus gettign much more cleaner and readable code
4. Highly Customizable
With koa you get a basic framework and then you can add middleware for features that you need. So you get the features that you need and drop the features that you do not need. This makes the application lighter and customizable as well
5. Modern Foundation
Koa JS id built with modern JS concepts and is future proofc hoice for developers looking to leverage latest JavaScript features
Cons of Koa JS
1. Smaller Ecosystem
Compared to express js the Koa ecosystem is smaller in nature. While Koa is growing in popularity it might take some years before it becomes more popular or it might never become as popular as express js. Thus more middleware and features might not be available with koa js
2. Has some learning curve
As Koa Js uses modern javascript language features it will require some learning for developers who might not be well versed in newer JavaScript language features and might feel comfortable with older features.
3. Less popular and hence less support
As I have already mentioned the Koa JS ha a much smaller ecosystem and developers using it than express hense there is less support for it as well. There are fewer stack overflow questions for it and fewer people talking about it than express js
Best For
1. Modern Web Applications
Koa is best suited for developers who are looking to leverage async and await features of javascript
2. Custom Web services
Koa is very lightweight hence if you are building custom web services, you can do that by installing only the middleware that you need and avoid the bloat. Thus achiving customization without unnecessary features
3. APIs that require advanced error handling
Koa has awesome error handling functionality and thus this makes it an excellant choice for developers looking to built error
Simple Coding Example
Create a new directory and name it koa-test and then cd into it then initializa a new application and create a koa js server like
const Koa = require('koa');
const Router = require('@koa/router');
const app = new Koa();
const router = new Router();
// Logger middleware
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
const start = Date.now();
await next();
const ms = Date.now() - start;
console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`);
});
// Response middleware
app.use(async ctx => {
ctx.body = 'Hello World';
});
// Define a route
router.get('/hello', async (ctx) => {
ctx.body = 'Hello, Koa!';
});
// Use the router
app.use(router.routes()).use(router.allowedMethods());
// Start the server
app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Server running on http://localhost:3000');
});
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Fastify Js
Fastify is a new Node JS framework designed to be as fast as possible, It aims to be best and the fastest NodeJS framework without compromising too much on the features
Fastify is known for performance and it also has a awesome plug architecture that allows third party devs to build plugins and extend its capabilities
Pros of Fastify
1. High Performance
In applications where performance is a cretical factor in choosing the server side framework, considering fastify is a good choice because it advertises in speed and efficiency
2. Schema based validation
In Fastify there is Schema based validation,which makes it fast and results in consistent data handling. It uses JSON schema internally to validate routes.
3. Extensible through Plugins
You can entend the framework with plugins and entend its functionality while the core functionality is lightweight
4. Works with Async Operations
You can easily write async await with fastify it fuly supports async/await functionality out of the box
5. Newer technologies
It supports newer technologies like better typescript support, async await support and others
Cons of Fastify
1. Smaller community and ecosystem
Compared to more established frameworks like Express JS. Fastify is a realtively new player and has a smaller community that means fewer stack overflow questions and fewer third party middleware built for fastify
2. Coding overhead for smaller applications
For smaller apps and MVC or demo apps, that do not benefit much from fastify fast performance it would be better to go with express js and this might be a learning curve as well as coding overhead working with fastify.
Best For
- Creating High performance APIs
When you have need for speed and fast performance then Fastify can handle a lot of requests fast and it is a good choice for building high performance APIs
2. Microservices
It has low overhead, fast boot time and support for async operations these featues make it a good choice for creating microservices
3. Real Time Applications
Apps that are real time in nature such as chat xould benefit from fastify fast performance.
Simple Coding Example
In this we are going to create a fastify server and start it on port 3000 then we are going to do JSON schema validation for the query parameters
This will demonstrate the fastify fast performance capabilities and support for schema based validation that is helpful for developer productivity and also demonstrate that newer javascript features work well with fastify
const fastify = require('fastify')({ logger: true });
// Declare a route with JSON schema validation
fastify.route({
method: 'GET',
url: '/index',
schema: {
querystring: {
name: { type: 'string' },
excitement: { type: 'integer' }
},
response: {
200: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
greeting: { type: 'string' }
}
}
}
},
handler: async (request, reply) => {
const { name, excitement = 1 } = request.query;
const greeting = `Hello, ${name}${'!'.repeat(excitement)}`;
reply.send({ Hello world });
}
});
// starting the server!
const start = async () => {
try {
await fastify.listen({ port: 3000 });
fastify.log.info(`server listening on ${fastify.server.address().port}`);
} catch (err) {
fastify.log.error(err);
process.exit(1);
}
};
start();
Conclusion
In this article we learned about some of the best server side frameworks that are in use today.
And you can choose amoung these frameworks what ever best suits your use case. Express JS to fastify all of them are awesome framework and are fun to work with
Let me know if you liked the article